1: Apple
Apple trees can be propagated by many different means. Grafting, budding, layering and suckers are among the most popular and widely used methods of propagation. Selecting the right rootstock is an essential part of apple tree propagation.
Methods of propagation
1-Budding:
- T-budding
- Chip budding
- Ring budding (most commonly used).
2-Grafting:
Most preferably used commercially.
- Tongue grafting
- WIP grafting
- Splice grafting
- Cleft grafting
- Bark grafting “most commercially used method”
3-Cutting:
- Stem cutting
4-Dwarf rootstock colonel propagation
5-Layering:
- Mounding layering or stooling.
2: Citrus
Methods of Propagation
1-Budding:
- T-budding (most commercially used method)
- Inverted T-budding
- Chip budding
- Patch budding
- Ring budding (most commonly used).
- Citrus propagation methods
2-Grafting:
Most preferably used commercially.
- Splice grafting
- Cleft grafting
- Bark grafting
3-Cutting:
- Stem cutting (only used in sweet lime)
4-Top working:
It is also used as the rejuvenation of orchard.
5-Layering:
Air layering in lemons
Mango
Mango is one of the most popular of all tropical fruits. Mangiferin, being a polyphenolic antioxidant and a glucosyl xanthone, it has strong antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation, immune modulation, cardiotonic, hypotensive, wound healing, anti-degenerative and anti-diabetic activities.
It is the national fruit of Pakistan.
Methods of Propagation
1-Grafting:
Most preferably used commercially.
- Splice grafting
- Cleft grafting
- Bark grafting
- Approach grafting (commercially used)
- Side grafting
- Tong grafting
2-Top working
3-seed:
For the development of rootstock for mango.
Guava
Introduction
Psidium guajava
Myrtaceae
Propagation methods
1-Seed
2-cutting
- Semi-hardwood cuttings
- Soft cuttings
3-Layering
- Air layering
4-Grafting
5-Tissue culture
Banana
Introduction
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Musa sapiantum.
FAMILY: Musaceae
ORIGIN: Asian tropics
The banana plant is a large perennial herb with leaf sheaths that form trunk-like pseudostems. The plant has 8 – 12 leaves that are up to 9 ft long and 2 ft wide. Root development may be extensive in loose soil in some cases up to 30 ft laterally.
Propagation methods
1-Division
commercially used method.
- Suckers
2-Tissue culture
3-Minisetting (in the lab)
Date palm
Phoenix dactylifera,
Arecaceae
Propagation methods
1-Seed propagation
2-Off shoot propagation (most used commercial method)
3-Tissue propagation
Grapes
Propagation methods
- Hardwood Cuttings– Using dormant wood pruned off in the fall or winter.
- Greenwood Cuttings– Best used in the growing season to multiply plants quickly.
- Grafting– Used by vineyards when the specialized rootstock is required for disease resistance.
- Layering– Used to fill in blank spots in a row or by home gardeners to expand a grape patch.
- Growing from Seed– Not used commercially because grape varieties don’t come true to seed, but it can be fun to experiment and create new varieties.
- Propagation methods
Pear, peach and plum
Propagation methods
1-Budding:
- Chip budding
- Patch budding
- Ring budding
2-Grafting:
Most preferably used commercially.
- Splice grafting
- Cleft grafting
- Bark grafting
3-Top working: It is also used as the rejuvenation of orchard.
4-Cutting
5-Layering: Air layering.
6-Tissue culture.
Phalsa
Propagation methods
1-Seed propagation (commercial use method)
2-Stem cutting
3- Micropropagation
Mulberry
Propagation methods
1-Seed
2-Grafting
- Splice grafting
- Tong grafting
3-Cutting
- Hardwood cutting (commercially used method)
4-Layering
- Air layering
Pomegranate
Propagation methods
1-seeds
2-Hard wood cuttings (commercially used method)
3-Micropropagation
Persimmon
Propagation methods
1-Seeds for rootstock production
2-Grafting: Most preferably used commercially.
- Splice grafting
- Cleft grafting
- Bark grafting
- Top working in fruit crops
4-Cutting :
5-Layering: Air layering.
6-Tissue culture.
Jack fruit
Propagation methods
1-Seed
for rootstock production
2-Grafting
- Veneer grafting
Both are commercially used.
Pineapple
Propagation
Pineapples are usually propagated by means of their crowns.
- Their slips or “robbers,” which form below the pineapple.
- Their ratoons, which grow out from under the ground.
- Propagation through seeds is undesirable, and the use of pineapple seeds is usually restricted to breeding programs.
Custard Apple
Propagation
- The seed is the usual means of propagation.
- Nevertheless, the tree can be multiplied by inarching or by budding or grafting onto its own seedlings or onto soursop, sugar apple or pond apple rootstocks.
- Custard apple seedlings are frequently used as rootstocks for the soursop, sugar apple and atemoya.
Jaman
Propagation:
Budding
Grafting
Seeds
Inarching
Cuttings – most commonly used methods
passion fruit
Propagation:
Seed
Cutting and grafting
Mostly budded and grafting on rootstock.
